Quercus coccifera Kermes oak

There are 7 species of Quercus in the southern Spain, Andalucía.

This Kermes oak is a shrub or small tree providing great habitat for some wildlife species including birds. It is sometimes called the Palestine oak. It was historically important as a food plant for the  Kermes scale insect as it produced a red dye called Cochineal (Crimson). It can grow from 1 meter to 6 meters in the Middle East. It is native to the Mediterranean countries and North Africa.